The Various Viewpoints On Animal Experimentation 2. Various

THE VARIOUS VIEWPOINTS ON ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2 Various studies have been conducted concerning the health and welfare of animal test subjects and how products are tested on them. Many believe that the testing of animals is a beneficial achievement to our modern world. While others feel that the killings of millions of animals every year is not only inhumane but that it is detrimental to our developing world. Although the tests that are conducted on animals are greatly flawed, if methods of testing were to improve, it would increase the benefit for not only humans but for animals as well. Many people believe animal testing is very beneficial and necessary for human advancement. Due to improvements†¦show more content†¦Since scientists have incorporated animal testing as the main foundation for testing products, it would cost too much to switch to a method that could potentially be inoperative and undependable. Orlans (1990) states that â€Å"it is a needed part of science and that it must be conducted in accord with certain human standards.† Many scientists are also very comfortable and content with the methods that take place today and don’t feel the need to change. â€Å"†¦most scientists are reluctant to move away from this tried-and-true model, mostly because mice are cheap, docile, and good subjects from genetic engineering experiments† (Dvorsky, 2015). Because this type of experiment has been used over a long period of time, scientists don’t want to initiate another method of research. This is due to the cheap cost of testing on animals, the reliability, and the submissive nature mice encompass which make a scientist’s job easier. Another reason why animal testing is seen as valid is due to the justification principle which is a belief that suggests that â€Å"because pain is an evil, anyone who causes pain in a being that can experience it must show that it is neces sary and justifiable to cause this pain† (Tannenbaum, 1999). However, conflicting arguments show great concern with the overall health and treatment of these animals. Many feel that the inhumane and torturousShow MoreRelatedThe Harsh Reality Of Animal Cruelty1512 Words   |  7 PagesMrs.Ricobaldi English 12 CP 2 May 2016 The Harsh Reality of Animal Cruelty Humanity would not be what it is today if it were not for animals. Humans beings owe a great deal to animals, not only have they been a source of food and clothing, in addition animals have been used more for medical experiments. For thousands of years, they have served as a labor force, pulling wagons, plows, chariots, and early fire engines (Marzilli). Humans have taken advantage of animals and used them for selfish reasonsRead MoreGestalt Psychology1707 Words   |  7 Pages1 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? Multiple Choice Questions 1. The term â€Å"psyche† when translated from the Greek is most closely associated with the term A) habit. B) life. C) study. D) mind. 2.The essential difference between behavior and mental processes is A) complexity. B) observability. C) controllability. D) ease of description. 3. Why is psychology a science? A) It attempts to separate the elements of the mind. B) It uses rigorous methods of observation. C) It has more than one researchRead MoreAnimal Testing And The Inhumane Side Of Testing2051 Words   |  9 PagesAnimal testing and research is highly debated around our world, with people comparing the successes of the research to the inhumane side of testing. Many medical advancements can be attributed to animal research, but of course, some tests are unsuccessful or provide no further knowledge. More humane methods of testing are being developed, and the tests that are performed with the intent of harming the animals are backed with painkillers, anesthesia, or euthanasia. However, testing for cosmetic productsRead MoreGenetic Engineering: a Blessing or a Curse?1370 Words   |  6 Pagesthought it would be interesting to explore various viewpoints. Being a Devils advocate, so to say. Viewpoint 1 Theres literally no limit to what you could do with genetic engineering. Once you have the understanding of how to control instructions given to cells, anything can de done. Like for example, take insulin, Insulin could be created by growing a certain bacteria. The supply of insulin is also not dependent on tissue samplings from animals. Throughout the centuries disease has plaguedRead MoreSocial Psychology: The Study of Influences Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesargued that in order to understand human behavior, you must be familiar with social environments and the impact it has on an individual. He also believed that how individuals interpreted circumstances influenced their responses. His philosophical viewpoints where some of the earliest theories exploring the connection between society and an individual. Following Aristotle ground breaking theories were the Sophists thinkers of Greece. They discussed the power of social and spiritual influences on theRead MoreA Research On Stem Cells1560 Words   |  7 PagesRose Hercilla Mr. Hoffman Biology Viewpoint: Political Stem Cells Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated and can develop into any kind of cell needed in the body. The most common stem cells used for research and referred to are human embryonic stem cells. They are formed in embryos to help establish the body and organs for the fetus. Scientists can now fertilize eggs in a lab, which is a process frequently used for people who have difficulties becoming pregnant naturally, also known asRead MoreThe Problem Between Science and Religion1289 Words   |  6 PagesScience and religion have always been in opposing viewpoints, historically. Science has a mentality that is based off of knowledge, observation, and experimentation. However, religion has no factual proof of anything, it is solely based off of faith and feelings. The problem between these two subjects is that one has factual evidence and one does not. Science is able to explain the laws of gravity - if an item is dropped it will fall. Religion is able to explain a single persons exper ience with aRead MoreShould Animals Be Used in Lab?3435 Words   |  14 PagesShould Animals be used in Laboratory Research? Every year millions of animals are used as human food, in human sports for fun, to make clothing and to make test cosmetics, drugs, new-found treatments, and chemicals on humans. Among all these, the most contentious issue in the twenty-first century is the usage of animals in laboratories. Science is the most powerful field from which all new knowledge comes, and being the prime source of new technologies, more judgment, and science, the UnitedRead More The Work of Jean Piaget Essay1849 Words   |  8 Pagesin 1923 provided him with the opportunity to study children intimately; his first child was born in 1925, and his three children became the focus of research for both Piaget and his wife. He received numerous honorary degrees and held various influential positions during his career (president of the Swiss Society of Psychology, director of the Bureau International Office de lEducation, President of the Swiss Commission of UNESCO). He also created the International CenterRead MoreAmerican Vs. Russian Space Program2237 Words   |  9 Pageswith each visit to the International Space Station (ISS). The first few crucial factors that differentiate each program resulted from alternate methods, procedures, and test subjects for their missions. The types of vehicles, space stations, and experimentation varied significantly between the agencies of each country. A final consequential piece of the organizations culminated with the joint venture to construct the ISS and promote the space program. When Roscosmos and NASA joined together, other countries

How Have Cell Phones Changed Society - 1467 Words

Brandon Jackson Informative Report English 101 16 October 2012 How Have Cell Phones Changed Society What would you do without your cellphone? Most people wouldn’t know what to do. Cell phones are a part of almost everybody’s life, but it never used to always be like that. If people wanted to get in touch with you back then, they left messages with your office or on your machine (SHC). Cell phones have changed the society we live in today. When investigating how cell phones have changed society, one must consider how it changes people, businesses, and the government. First I would like to talk about the history of cell phones. Now a days you see people on cell phones all the time. To see just how much things have changed in the last†¦show more content†¦If someone doesnt tell you that swearing during a church service is wrong, then, how do you know (CPG)? â€Å"You don’t!† says J.D. Power and Associates (CPG). I agree with J.D. Power and Associates. You don’t know if its appropriate if you don’t personally have the contact yourself. Its sad to say but people care more about their cell phones than they do their cars. Texting has taken over the world and almost anywhere you go you will see somebody typing on there phone a message to someone else. Texting is a big thing across the world. It is not only young adults and teens but it is everyone. Teens and young adults just do it a lot more. A text means everything to some people and some will do anything to text someone back. Even if they are putting themselves in danger like while they are driving. The National Safety Council announced today that it estimates at least 28% of all traffic crashes – or at least 1.6 million crashes each year – involve drivers using cell phones and texting(NSC). It is sad to see the percentage of crashes so high. Some people just can not wait a matter of minutes to text someone. Twenty years ago this fact didn’t even exist. But cell phones are not just a bad thing. Cell phones have benefited the world we live in today. Especially in the world of education. Though cell phones have been cited as a reason for students to cheat and become more irresponsible with their schoolwork. There have been a couple benefits like, â€Å"Most lecturers haveShow MoreRelatedHow Have Cell Phones Changed Our Society Research Paper3752 Words   |  16 Pages3-12-2009 CELLULAR PHONES INFLUENCE(s) AND IMPACT(s) ON SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS This paper seeks to explore how cellular phones (cell phones/mobiles) have influenced and impacted social interactions and interpersonal relationships. There have been a number of suggested theories and studies that have been contributed to the rising popularity and commonality of cell phones as to how they are affecting the way individuals are interacting in society. Some of theseRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society904 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s society is in uncharted grounds when it comes to the use of technology. Cell phones are one of the many ground breaking inventions that came out of this technological era society is in now. The technology of cell phones has come a long way since the first cell phone was made. Today they are much more than just a device to talk to someone. In 2007 the first smartphone was released which was the iPhone and in 2008 the first android was released which allowed people to have access to the internetRead MoreHow Cell Phones Changed Us Socially1503 Words   |  7 PagesHow Cell Phones Changed Us Socially Having a cell phone is very convenient and helpful most of the time. They are great for emergencies, but not everyone knows of the potential negative impacts these phones have on our lives. In the past several years there have been numerous studies looking into the problems, which cell phone cause. This paper will show how the cell phone has had a dynamic impact on social interactions in today’s society. First it will show the point of having a cellular phoneRead Morecell phones: how have they changed us socially927 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones: How Have They Changed Us Socially? Introduction Thesis Statement: Cell phones have socially changed our lifestyle and have greatly influenced our lives. Alternatively referred to as a cell, cellular, and cellular phone, a cell phone, which is also sometimes abbreviated as â€Å"cp† is a mobile phone or portable phone that enables a user to communicate almost anywhere in the world. The cell phone was invented by Dr. Martin Cooper who led a team of developers at Motorola and madeRead MoreWhat Makes A On Money And Cellphones Essay907 Words   |  4 Pageshuman development have advanced in exponential ways the last houndred years, the world can easily see how obsessed people have become with material goods. Things like computers, cellphones, televisions and money as well. Now the definition of happiness has changed for many. For some people having money is what makes them happy and it is everything they need. It is the purpose of this paper that people understand how some are not willing to give up on money and cellphones and how important it is toRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Our Society1620 Words   |  7 Pagesabilities. In the society nowadays, technologies are the center of connecting with people all over the world and impact our society in a big way. If we look back thirty years ago, not everyone had all of new technologies and knew an idea of getting information at anytime and anywhere from a W orld Wide Web. Because of these technologies, people have opportunities to improving their knowledge of world via Internet technology and to communicate with people from all corners of world. Smart phone are the fastRead MoreCell Phones And The Cell Phone1307 Words   |  6 Pageswidely used forms of communication is the cell phone. The cell phone is a device that allows you to interact with anyone else, whether they’re sitting next to you, or across the country. Created to â€Å"eliminate down time† (Bittman, Brown, Wajcman, 2009) it’s arguable that our society tends to use their cell phone more than they talk face to face to other people anymore. While we’re used to smartphones and waiting to get the newest iPhone, the first form of cell phone was much different than what we see todayRead MoreUse Of Cell Phones On Society934 Words   |  4 PagesUSE OF CELL PHONE has negative and positive to the society. The cell phone usage started in 1973. Motorola was the first company to produce cell phone. So they produced cell phone connected with the car, andpeople were using car cell phone primary for business, then companies were ab grading throughout the years. ‘Source ’google’. However cell phone usage become something that most of the younger generation are addicted to and use constantly. So it brought negative side of using cell phone. PeopleRead MoreEffects Of Cell Phones1159 Words   |  5 PagesAre Cell Phones Destroying a Generation? The onset of cell phones has had a great impact in the modern society, and especially the millennials or the teens, and as such it has led to the destruction of a generation. It is apparent that what researchers call the iGen, people born between the year 1995 and the year 2012, depend greatly on their cell phones and their well-being majorly depends on their cell phones (Twenge 188). Researchers also prove that the iGen value their cell phones more thatRead MoreThe Social Impact of Cell Phones Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesclosest thing to â€Å"cellular technology† was a car phone made by the ATA Company but, Martin and his determined Motorola group yearned higher heights and deeper depths for communication- and thus the birth of the first cell phone was in process. Cooper wanted to exceed the limitations of just simple â€Å"car conversation†. After consistent tedious hours of production, lasting a several month long period of building, critiquing, and finalizing, the first cell phone was born. The first mobile device was the size

Feminist Protests †1960s and 1970s Activist Movements

The Moral Symbolism of the Green Girdle Essay - 1812 Words

The symbolism of the girdle in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight changes and grows as the poem progresses, adding Gawains honor and sin to seemingly separate ideas of an untamed nature related to the otherworld and animal instincts. Piotr Sadowski, in his The Knight on His Quest: Symbolic Patterns of Transition in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, calls the girdle a symbol of â€Å"complex moral truth† that the other knights of the Round Table fail to learn from, as Gawain does. While I agree that the girdles most important function is the message it conveys about morality as it pertains to courtly behavior, I argue that the moral ideal the girdle sets is not higher than the knights achieve, but rather is balanced between humanity and the†¦show more content†¦His obviously foreign appearance, as compared to Arthurs knights, makes him a symbol of the Otherworld, which is reinforced when he survives after losing his head to an axe. It is also notable that where the kni ghts follow courtly customs and speak courteously, the Green Knight rides his horse straight into the hall demanding to speak with the king; he challenges their civilized customs with the savage behavior of nature and the Otherworld. The symbolism of the girdle therefore contains elements of nature and the Otherworld, which is reinforced by the fact that it comes from the house of the Green Knight (Bertilak later reveals it is his girdle). The symbolism of the color green is somewhat more ambiguous, since something as fundamental as a color tends to acquire many meanings. It commonly represents nature, which reinforces the symbol of nature in the Green Knight and the girdle, but, through nature, can also represent the witchcraft performed by faeries, such as Morgan le Fay. According to Bertilak, it is Morgan le Fays magic that is responsible for the appearance of the Green Knight in Arthurs court, but the symbolism also indicates to the reader that there may be some enchantment or curse on the girdle (and it is described later as having supernatural qualities). After Lady Bertilak tells Gawain that the girdle protects its wearer from death in combat, its symbolic importance shifts from that ofShow MoreRelatedChivalry Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Green Knight There are many great movies, like â€Å"300† or â€Å"Saving Private Ryan,† that are told with the classic chivalry elements that were known to describe the noble knights from hundreds of years ago. Much like the courageous soldiers in these movies, Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, faced many conflicts that might have questioned his moral code of nobleness. Sir Gawain was a great knight that was loyal to King Arthur and had the courage to take on the challenge the Green KnightRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the poet depicts an entertaining story of adventure and intrigue. However, the poem is more than a grand adventure. It is an attempt to explore the moral ideals of Sir Gawain. Gawains standards are represented by the pentangle on his shield. The depiction of the pentangle occurs when Sir Gawain is preparing to gear up for his quest for the Green Chapel. Gawains outfit is described in great detail, including its color,Read MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, the protagonist, Sir Gawain, is illustrated as the imperfect hero of the tale. His documented imperfections and various flaws create a sense of irony when put into comparison with the depiction of the pentangle on his shield. The pentangle, designed by King Solomon of old as his own magical seal, symbolizes the virtues that Gawain aspires to uphold: to be faultless in his five senses, that his five fingers were never at fault, be ing faithful to the five woundsRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe language of symbols plays a major role in medieval poetry â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† is no exception. The use of symbolism gives a writer the ability to draw important connections between items in their story and the audience. The poet behind â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† gives the reader a detailed description of the pentagram, his most important symbol, in order to form the key understanding of this poem. The narrator compares knightly ideals such as integrity, focus, and strengthRead MorePropaganda In Beowulf1007 Words   |  5 Pagesstory exhibits Christian beliefs and shows that Beowulf’s fight against the devil would be backed by God’s power and love toward his creations and the good word professes. The truth he represents is displayed in Beowulf’s character as well as his morals. The legend suggests that pagan beliefs surrounded it and the ancient mythological gods were replaced by the Christian God who was there to protect the main character and the land he stood on. It was diffused orally by Scandinavians with very littleRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight2344 Words   |  10 Pages Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Famous Failure   Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is one of the most intriguing Middle English chivalric romances known today. The poem is a delicately written balancing act between two cultures, clashing in a time of unease between the religion of tradition, (paganism) and the new religion, (Christianity). The poem is also one of the best known Arthurian tales, with its plot combining two types of folklore patterns, the beheading game and the exchange of winningsRead MoreSymbolism Of The Hunting Scenes Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1379 Words   |  6 PagesO’Keefe Literature 201 Dr. Marciano September 26, 2017 THE MEANING AND SYMBOLISM OF THE HUNTING SCENES IN SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, one of the most famous Arthurian literary texts ever written, is an enthralling tale of medieval heroism, knighthood, chivalry, and romance. Due to the entertaining nature of this poem, it is often easy for the modern reader to miss the extensive symbolism and critics, on medieval society and the chivalric code, which the authorRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight5387 Words   |  22 PagesThe Role of Women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In the Fourteenth Century, Feudalism and its offspring, chivalry, were in decline due to drastic social and economic changes. In this light, _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_ presents both a nostalgic support of the feudal hierarchies and an implicit criticism of changes, which, if left unchecked will lead to its ultimate destruction. I would suggest that the women in the story are the Gawain poets primary instruments in this critique andRead More Analysis Of Sir Gawain Essay2655 Words   |  11 Pages Sir Gawain and the Green Knight contains many themes. Some of these themes are more obvious than others. Love, lust, loyalty, deceit, trust, courage, virtue, and righteousness are most of the themes within the poem. There are some more that are hidden within the concepts of the ideas that the poem presents. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, translated by John Gardner, many different themes are addressed throughout the story. The translation by John Gardner portrays these themes by u sing specificRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight: the Role of Women2398 Words   |  10 Pagesincluding a decrease in cheap human resources due to a drop in population caused by plague epidemics and the emergence of a mercantile middle class, the Gawain author perceived a loss of religious values as the cause of its decline. Gawain and the Green Knight presents both a support of the old feudal hierarchies and an implicit criticism of changes by recalling chivalry in its idealized state in the court of King Arthur. The women in the story are the poets primary instruments in this critique and

Kant Categorical Imperative Free Essays

Kant’s Categorical Imperative Kant’s Categorical Imperative is made up of two formulations, Formula of Universal Law and The Formula of the End in Itself. The first formulation is best described by the following statement, â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction. † (Kant, 1785, 1993). We will write a custom essay sample on Kant Categorical Imperative or any similar topic only for you Order Now What does this mean? A maxim is the fundamental rule of conduct or your moral belief upon which you chose to act. A universal law is a law that everyone must follow regardless of the outcome. How do we determine if the maxim can become universal? One of the first things to do is to ask yourself if it would be acceptable that everyone do the same thing that you are considering doing in that situation. We were given several examples in The Elements of Moral Philosophy and the one that made the most impact was â€Å"suppose a man needs money, but no one will lend it to him unless he promises to pay it back-which he knows he won’t be able to do. Should he make a false promises to get the loan? † (Rachels, 2012). If this happened the maxim or universal rule would be anytime you need a loan tell a lie that you will repay it and you will get the loan. This is not something that everyone would be willing to do because you will no longer believe others when they tell you this statement and no one would be willing to make the loans. The second thing you should do to determine if the maxim can become universal is look at your answer to the first question. Did you say â€Å"yes, I think that everyone will do it? †. If so, then ask yourself if it makes rational sense to want everyone in the same situation to do what you are contemplating doing. If your answer was no to either question then your maxim cannot become universal law because it is not considered moral. Overall, based on Kant, an act is morally right only if the primary rule of behavior, which is how you decide to act morally, can constantly and universally relate to you and others. The second formulation is best described by the following statement, â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end. (Kant, 1785, 1993). Basically, this means that morality consists of doing your duty to treat people, including yourself, and an end, never as a means to an end. Kant combined the second formulation with the first because we have a perfect duty to not use the humanity of ourselves or others merely as a means to some other end. Most ends are somewhat subjective because they need only be pursued if they are in line with some particular hypoth etical imperative that a person may choose to adopt. (Categorical Imperative Explained, 2012). The second formulation also leads to the imperfect duty to further the ends of ourselves and others. If any person desires perfection in themselves or others, it would be their moral duty to pursue that end for all people equally, so long as that end does not contradict perfect duty. The question of whether or not Kant adequately addresses the problems evident in comparison of the two formulations cannot be summed up with a simple yes or no answer. He makes a good argument for both sides just as he opposes both sides. The difference is whether or not we have the right moral sense to determine why and how our decisions affect ourselves and others. Kant shows that you have struggles when rationality and practicality are conveyed to cover the same matter. So after all this we ask the question, â€Å"How plausible is the theory? † I think that it is a logical theory that clearly assists in making decisions. It provides a plausible account of morality because you can look at others and have a tendency to complete your actions based on those of others. Kantianism is a more consistent theory because it can be universally applied to all. It is more believable because even if the penalties of carrying out an action aren’t necessarily the best, the individual is still obligated to perform the action because it is their duty to do so. Kant’s theory focuses on the motivation of actions and has a clear and distinctive set of universal rules, and is morally sound. Consequently, ethically and morally they are doing the right thing. Bibliography Categorical Imperative Explained. (2012, April 12). Retrieved from Everything Explained: http://everything. explained. at/categorical_imperative/ (1993). In J. W. Ellington, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (p. 30). Hackett. Kant, I. (1785, 1993). Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals 3rd ed.. . In J. W. Wllington. Hackett. Rachels, J. (2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill. Reason – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reason Chicago: Reason – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reason (accessed April 17, 2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://jamesrachels. org/78improvedsentences. htm Chicago: The Elements of Moral Philosophy, http://jamesrachels. org/78improvedsentences. htm (accessed April 17, 2012). How to cite Kant Categorical Imperative, Essay examples

Agrippina Family Background free essay sample

Agrippina was related to the Claudian ‘gens’, one of the oldest and most illustrious patrician families with imperial connections. Her father Germanicus had risen through the cursus honoroum to two consulships and the proconsulships of Germany and Gaul. Germanicus’s brother was the brother was the future Claudian emperor, Claudius. Agrippina’s family lineage was therefore immensely prestigious. Her mother is quoted twice by Tacitus asserting her descent from the blood of the divine Augustus. According to revisionist Barret, Agrippina would have learnt from her mother in her formative years a powerful sense of her important place in the scheme of things. Agrippina’s marriages illustrate particular well the importance of family background in dynastic politics, although this could be dangerous. Because of Agrippina’s ancestry the emperor Tiberius, who was also her guardian, arranged Agrippina’s first marriage to Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus in 28 AD. Ahenobarbus was a descendent of famous, noble famiy, Domitii and descendent of Mark Antony. We will write a custom essay sample on Agrippina Family Background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ahenobarbus was seen as a potential princeps if other plans failed. This marriage also secured the Julian princeps from rival contenders and produced a Julian heir with the birth of Nero. This marriage was not illustrious in terms of rank, but protected Agrippina from Claudius’s wife Messalina, who saw Agrippina as a threat due to her direct bloodline to ancestry. Agrippina’s third marriage to emperor Claudius shows the significance of family background and its relevance to revisionist historiography. Traditionally claimed by Tacitus and Cassius Dio that Agrippina seduced her uncle Claudius as a stepping-stone to power. Whilst ancient sources are informative there is some question as to how much is fact and how much is innuendo. An alterative explanation is that it was Agrippina’s family connections that made her marriage to Claudius attractive. Babara Levick argued that it was politically expident for Claudius to marry Agrippina. As a descendant of Augustus she also reinforced his position in the senate. Aristocratic women in her family had great influence in forming her ersonality and actions. Livia was the wife of the emperor Augustus. She was a model for Agrippina as well as her mother concerning maternal drive and political involvements. According to archaeologists evidence, the SCPP, whilst Livia highly and deservedly should have the greatest influence in the senate she used it sparingly. Champlin comments that SCPP confirms the truly astonishing power of Livia which has often been abused, even though the evidence is problematic because of some uncertainties with translation over punctuation. Although she had no constitutional power, Livia’s considerable associative power, derived from her husband and son enabled her to be a significant force in political life. Livia’s associative political power and the promotion of her son provided models for other imperial women to evaluate. Agrippina the Elder taught her daughter not to control imperial power directly. Agrippina the Elder was very active in political and military events, she has been said to have formed a ‘party’ under Tiberius. In addition she was insubordinate and used imperative language when arguing with the emperor. Her subsequent treatment by Tiberius resulted in imprisonment and suicide and the destruction of her two elder sons in the struggle for succession. Agrippina the Elder modeled for her daughter how not to behave in negotiating the perils of the imperial court. She was regarded as the single most important influence on Agrippina the Younger. The received traditional present Agrippina as women motivated by the dictorial feminine excess of ambition a masculine despotism. However this judgment cannot be trusted fully as he was incredibly hostile towards the senate. Barret however understood Agrippina ambitions and actions attempt to give formal definition to the political role open to imperial women. She represents an essential stage in the evolution of the imperial system building on Livia’s precedents and that of her mother.

Inclusive Pedagogy

Question: Describe about the Inclusive Pedagogy of Politics? Answer: Introduction The methods of the training which incorporates the learning styles and the dynamic practices, varied resources of the assessment and also the content which are multicultural with the basic goals of doing the promotion of the student academic success as well as the cultural, physical and the social well being. In this module it will examine the range of the context in which the learning of the research takes place. It also introduces the concept and the principles which are provided with the opportunity how the teacher can helps the students so that they can overcome the problem which they are facing in doing the reading, listening, writing etc. In this context it also gives the suggestion and the solution which the teacher needs to follow to solve the problem what the students are facing (Arden and Kecht, 1993). Critical Discussion In this part it critically discusses the some of the points which are related to students and also give some of the solution which will help the students to overcome the mentioned problems. Some of the problems are listed below: Reading Writing Listening Following directions Taking tests Moving about the classroom Talking support the arguments with the examples from the own practices Reading Reading mainly is a cognitive process which is complex in nature of decoding the symbols so that it can construct and also derive the meaning. In the todays society reading becomes one of the fundamental of the function. It also becomes more important for the success of the children. Reading cannot be controlled by one or more than one interpretations. Reading cannot follow any of the concrete laws. It promotes the exploration of the texts during the interpretation. Reader uses many of the strategies so that it can assist with the help of decoding of the symbols into the sound and also the visual representations of the speech and the comprehension. There is other type of the reading which is not on the speech basis. It is mainly based on the writing system such as representation or the notation (Bacon and Handley, 2014). The importances of the reading for the children are listed below: Excellence on the basis of the academic Basic skills of the speech The basic way to read the book Developing the better communication skills Developing the thinking of the logical skills To enhance the more discipline and the concentration Helps in the acclamation of the new experiences The problem what the student face in doing the reading is known as dyslexia. Dyslexia is mainly a complex language problem. It is mainly deals with the way how the brain works without the vision. It also involves of not being able to break the word down with the sound that makes it up and also the children not being able to write and also thinks about the sound to make it up. They also face the problem in translating the language to the thought and also thought to the language. Commonly dyslexia is one of the most common disabilities of the learning. Some of the symptoms of the dyslexia are: Poor ability of the drawing. Getting difficult of putting the thoughts on the paper. Reversal of the letter or word when writing Understanding or the remembering difficulty The children mainly face this problem due to the immaturity in the development of the brain and due to this the children get the spatial confusion and also get confuses between the pairs of the letters. The roles of the teacher in preventing the problem of the dyslexia are given below (Barry et al., 2012): Providing the knowledge and skills It is very serious that the teachers have the better understanding of the complexities in the reading process and also the skill which needs to implement all the components of the instruction of the effective learning. To help the children in this type of the problem the teacher needs to do some of the basic task which includes in improving the encouragement of the children so that they can use their knowledge and also helps them by providing the needed information which they are lack age of the context which helps in understanding the text. Dong the help of the children in such a way that they can ask and also answer the question which helps them to improve the clarification and also confirm the ideas so that it can helps in exploring the new ideas. Teacher also provides some of the direct instruction so that it can promote the comprehension, fluency and the decoding of the information in the mind of the student. The teacher sometimes needs to answer the childrens queries and also p roperly monitoring of the performance. The teacher also needs to make the proper link between the writing and the reading instruction so that it helps the students in recognizing the interconnected processes so that it makes the improvement in the other. Motivate the children to read Teacher plays the one of the important role in doing the help of the children so that it can develop and also they can also maintain the positive attitude in improving the literacy and also the learning. Teacher also uses some of the complex cognitive policy so that they can improve the demonstration of the passion for doing the reading, they also acts as the best model readers in the case of the students. Teachers also have the knowledge how the children perceive their own ability as the reader and also give them support so that the children can develop the positive self attitude by providing the enough time to perceive the reading task. Teacher also needs to provide some of the opportunities so that the children can take part for the teamwork, social interaction and also the discussion. Teacher also needs to improve the focus of the children so that they can increase the level of the personal satisfaction and also achieving the goals which is different in the individual child. Teac her also makes the student learning some of the meaning things by taking the account the interest, needs of the children and also the age. Assessing and Observing Teacher needs to do some of the basic observation and also the assessment which varies from the children to the children. To do this type of the assessment the teacher use varieties of the assessment tools which includes running records, doing the self reflection, informal reading and also doing the special conference. They also use some of the assessment data so that the teacher can determine both the current strength and the weakness of the students. The teacher also needs to do the continually updating of the teaching strategies so that it can match the students growth. They also needs to give the proper attention to the very single students who are risking the reading failure and also needs to seek the support of the timely intervention when it becomes clear the classroom instruction. To improve the students mind satisfaction the teacher needs to provide some of the meaningful feedback of the children improvement by providing the marks and also doing the celebration of the childr en success and also let them to know where and also the what type of the improvement is needed (Bonifacci et al., 2013). Writing There are enormous numbers of the children who are intelligent and only have the capabilities of listening the conversation but they are basically unable to transfer their thoughts on the paper. The writing difficulties are getting more common among the children and also can stalk out from the varieties of the attention and the learning issues. This type of the problem who the students are facing is known as dysgraphia. Dysgraphia is mainly the condition which impacts the causes of the trouble facing by the written expression. Some of the children facing the problem with dysgraphia are just of holding the pencil and also the organizing of the letters which seems very difficult to them. Some of the symptoms which state the problem of the dysgraphia includes the poor structure of the words, habit of the mixing of the upper and the lower case of the letters, the improper way of holding the pencil and also showing some of the disinterest in doing the drawing and the writing, etc. To improve the problem of the dysgraphia the teacher also needs to take some of the drastic steps which are listed below: Creation of the positive environment Children facing with the problem of the dysgraphia are getting easily distracted by the sounds of the environment. So the noisy room creates the unfavorable effects in to the writing experiences of the students. So to improve the writing skill of the students the creation of the positive environment is the basic key. If the environment is quite it makes the students feels more ease and also the students can give more focus to improve the writing problems of the students. The teacher also needs to take some of the special treatment of these types of the children they needs to sit with the children specially when they writing and also required to provide the positive feedback about the improvement of the work and the teacher also needs to do one of the important things which is comparing the one child with the others. Adoption of the positive approach The children who have this type of problem in writing also tried to avoid the practicing of the writing so the teacher encourage the students by adopting the positive approach and also encourage them so that they enjoy the writing. In this approach it includes planning, writing of the draft, checking of the errors and also the rewriting. The teacher also can encourage the students by drawing etc so that it can make the whole session more interactive (Weekes, 2012). Encouragement of the various writing activities The teacher needs to make the students feel that the writing is not the difficult task and also needs to engage the children in the various activities of the writing. To encourage the children in writing the parents also needs to play some of the important role by suggesting the children to write the experience of the travelling of the holiday so that they can document their whole trip. This is also acts an important opportunity for the children to get the encouragement of the writing. Use of the assistive technologies The children who are facing the difficulty in the writing also can benefited by using the modern technology specially computers. Now days there are the availability of the some of the software tools which are specially designed for the students who are facing the problem of the dysgraphia. This interactive software includes some of the approach of the games and the fun activities. Scheduling the practice session of the writing To improve the writing of the children the teacher can schedule some of the time so that the students can practice of doing the writing and if the students do get agree of doing the practice of the writing the teacher also sometimes needs to improve the process of convincing the children so that the children can easily get ready for doing the writing. Listening The common cause of the listening problem of the students which they are facing more commonly is the auditory processing disorder. Some of the signs of the issues what the children are facing includes that the children constantly misses the given direction and also needs to repeat the direction. Sometimes it also seems that the children having this problem does not hear at the first time and also get distracted very easily and also its becomes hard for paying attention when anybody talk to them. To improve this type of the problem of the students the teacher also pays some of the vital role which is given below (Srader, 2014): Improve the acoustic nature To improve the acoustic nature of the classroom the teacher needs to make the environment of the classroom more free from the background noise and also needs to prevent the outside sound comes to the room so that the class room remain more free from the sound. The teacher also needs to look after the distance of the sound from the children so that they get the proper sound. Because if the distance of the sound gets more the students cannot get the clear sound which also can lead to the listening issues of the children. The teacher also needs to keep notice that the sound does not occur the reverberation of the sound. If the sound gets echoed the students get more puzzled by the occurrence of the different types of the sound (Weekes, 2012). Make the proper arrangement of seating of the students in the classroom Teacher also keeps remaining the constant notice with the children who are facing this type of the problem. Teacher also needs to make the children mostly on the first row of the class so that the children cannot get easily influences by the other children. This seating arrangement of the children also enhance the children to improve the ability of the children so that the children can give the full acknowledge to the sound and also improve the paying of the attention. This also helps the children so that they can make the sense of the sound which they are listening. The teacher also needs to improve that much quality among the students so that they can have that much ability to do the filtration of the sound which is important and which is not. The teacher also helps the students in doing the figure out of the languages and the speech (Wolvin, 2012). Teacher to face the children and also needs to speak slowly To this type of the children its not get easy to get the sentence if anybody speak in more speed so the teacher needs to speak slowly so that the students gets that much time to get the meaning of the sentence. This also improves the listening skills of the children because if the children get the meaning of the sentence they can get attracted to the listening. The teacher also needs to provide some of the written instructions so that the children can easily get what they are listening and also gets easy to capture the given information which are being educated in the classroom study (Zhou et al., 2012). To make the interactive session To improve the listening skills of the children along with the teacher the parents also needs to take part actively in which that the parents needs to talk with the children all the time so that in having the conversation they also gets the habit of talking and also gets the habit of listening. Teacher as well as the parents also needs to arrange the interactive session of storytelling in such a way that anybody only tells the half of the story and the other needs to conclude the story in this process the listening, thinking ability also gets improved. Make the whole session more interactive with the availability of both the visual and the audio so that the children can get more interest. Teacher also needs to make the session of the storytelling interactive with the basic interactive question and answer session in which after the whole story the teacher ask the children some of the question regarding the story and who will able to give the answer are rewarded. Teacher always needs t o try to gain the eye contact with the children and sometimes needs to ask the children to repeat the exact sentence what they are telling (Fedesco, 2014). Following direction In this problem the children are facing the problem in focusing and the sustaining of the attention. In this it seems that the children are getting the complete understanding of the things and also even the write down of the directions but it all turns out in the wrong assignment which is executed incorrectly. In this the children only hear the one of the four parts of the things which may cause the problem (Chang, Choi and Chung, 2014). To improve this type of the problem the teacher needs to take some of the important measures which are given below: Establishment of the eye contact It is very needed to establish the eye contact with the students for the teacher so that they cannot get diverted from understanding and the following of the direction. Sometimes it is needed to pause in delivering the sentence so that the students get the proper meaning of the sentences and if necessary the teacher needs breaks up the sentence and also discuss the proper meaning of the sentence (Thibaut et al., 2014). Use of the visuals While giving the direction to the children the teacher needs to make some of the interactive by using some of the visual interactive methods so that the students seeks the attention without diverting to the other things and the teacher also needs to impress the students so that they can make the assignment of the different things which are related to the study (Chang, Choi and Chung, 2014). Taking tests In the taking of the tests the students also face some of the basic problems which are given below (Zilberberg et al., 2014): Identification of the problem areas In this the teacher helps the students doing the proper identification of the problem areas and also how to improve that area by enhancing the skills of the students and also reduce the level of the examination stress. This also acts as the first step to do the determination of the difficulty areas of the students. Proper ideas of the areas of the study Children in most of the cases are unaware of the whole idea of the study and also that which part they needs to prepare for the tests. So to determine this level of the awareness of the childs level the teacher needs to check some of the major issues which are to arrange the review session for the children so that they can identify the problem areas and also get the proper solution in that areas and the teacher also needs to look after the proper planning of the study to get in a systematic way. Next, the teacher also needs to do the proper assessment of all the attention, focus and the listening skills. Grading system of the test Grading system of the test have the both the positive and the negative side. In analyzing the positive side of the grading it creates the whole feedback of the knowledge of the students through which the teacher can do the analyze about the merit level of the students. By considering the negative side of the feedback sometimes this grading system causes the negative impacts on the children mind if the grade of the two students is compared with each others (Weekes, 2012). Moving about the classroom In doing the constant motion in the class room some of the students may face the problem of the attention deficit order. The children facing this type of the problem make the movement in the class room more than the eight times which are excessive in nature. This is also known as the hyper active behavior which is mainly caused by the brain based biological disorder (Classroom Discourse, 2014). Distinguish the breaking point If there is the time provided for doing the distinguish between the some of the lessons but the children who are facing that type of the problem can still find the time is short for doing the assessment. So the teacher needs to help the students to make some of the measures so that they can get the proper ideas about the thing in the given time (Gurkaynak, n.d.). To built of the movement throughout the whole school day The teacher needs to make the student understand and also needs to make the habit of seating in the one particular place so that the environment of the class and also the attention of the other students not get towards the another things (Grkan and Iandoli, 2014). To provide some of the alternatives in the standard classroom There are some of the students who do the work in a good way if they are allowed to do the movement in the whole class room. Children are not having the focus if they are not allowed to do the movement in the class room. Teacher needs to do give the proper attention so that the children can get the habit of seating in the one place and do the whole assessment (Imani and Habil, 2012). Give the encouragement in the physical activity Parents and the teacher both needs to play some of the important role to improve the condition of the children. They also needs to help the children in such a way that the children can grow the habit of seating or standing in the one place for some time on their own which is not be by force (Cohen, 1984). Talking support the arguments with the examples from the own practices In some of the arguments the teacher gives some of the lectures which are regarding the matters of the discussion by using the good premises which are both relevant and true in regarding the study. The teacher also makes to ensure that after the lecture it also gives the good support of the whole conclusion and also needs to do the whole check of the full things and the students also needs to do some of the jot down of the main points regarding the main topics and also the relevant aspects (Zhou et al., 2012). So that the whole lecture is stored and also use in the future if it is needed for the future studies. The teacher also needs to make sure that the students are jotting the all about the argument, conclusion and the deduction of the study. Teacher also notice that the students are avoiding the logical types of the fallacies which are both irrelevant and the illegitimate in nature comparing the study in which there is the lack age of the evidence for giving the support of the cl aim. Teacher also needs to notice that the students who are jotting down the important points of the study have the proper and the meaningful logic (Gurkaynak, n.d.). Conclusion In this part by concluding the above study it gives the proper and the full knowledge and also critical analysis in which the teacher helps the students so that they can overcome the problems which leads in the reading, learning, writing, following direction, taking tests, moving about the classroom and also the taking the support of the arguments also by citing the problem. It also includes how the teacher also takes some of the drastic measure so that the children who are facing these types of the problem can get freed and can get the proper cure from the problem. References Arden, E. and Kecht, M. (1993). Peadagogy Is Politics: Literary Theory and Critical Teaching. Academe, 79(3), p.85. Bacon, A. and Handley, S. (2014). Reasoning and Dyslexia: is Visual Memory a Compensatory Resource?. Dyslexia, 20(4), pp.330-345. Barry, J., Harbodt, S., Cantiani, C., Sabisch, B. and Zobay, O. (2012). Sensitivity to Lexical Stress in Dyslexia: a Case of Cognitive not Perceptual Stress. 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